Chemotherapy can also disrupt ovarian function. Some women in their 40s stop menstruating shortly after beginning breast cancer treatment, even if their ovaries remain intact. Hormone therapies like tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors may also mimic menopausal symptoms by reducing estrogen levels. Radiation to the pelvic region can damage the ovaries, similarly causing menopause.
Certain cancer therapies—surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and hormone treatments—can lead to early or premature menopause. Surgical removal of the ovaries, commonly done for ovarian or breast cancer, causes immediate menopause due to a sudden halt in estrogen production. Unlike natural menopause, which occurs gradually, this change happens instantly and often results in more intense symptoms.
Is Menopause From Cancer Treatment Always Permanent?
Not necessarily. While menopause caused by ovary removal is permanent, chemotherapy-induced menopause can sometimes be temporary—especially in younger women. Some regain menstrual cycles months or even years after treatment, making contraception a necessary consideration. On the other hand, surgeries that remove the uterus but leave the ovaries intact won’t cause menopause immediately, but periods stop, making diagnosis trickier.
Managing Symptoms and Treatment Considerations
Common symptoms of cancer-induced menopause include hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness. Lifestyle changes—such as exercise, proper diet, stress management, and sleep—can improve quality of life. Hormone therapy is generally avoided in women with hormone-sensitive cancers; instead, non-hormonal treatments are recommended to avoid the risk of recurrence.
