Every vagina has a natural scent. It can change slightly throughout your cycle, after sex, or even after a workout — and that’s completely normal. But if you’ve ever caught a whiff of something different or unpleasant, you’re not alone. Vaginal odor is one of the most common concerns people have about their intimate health.
So, what causes vaginal odor? When is it a sign of an issue? And what can you do about it?
Let’s break it down.
What’s Considered a “Normal” Vaginal Odor?
Your vagina is self-cleaning and naturally acidic, thanks to a healthy balance of bacteria (mainly Lactobacillus). A mild, musky scent — sometimes slightly tangy or earthy — is completely normal.
You may notice variations depending on:
- Your menstrual cycle: Slight odor changes can happen around ovulation or menstruation
- Sweat or physical activity: Just like any other part of your body, sweat can affect scent
- Sex: Semen has a higher pH, which can temporarily alter your vaginal environment
These changes are usually short-term and not a sign of anything serious.
When Vaginal Odor Might Signal a Problem
If the odor is strong, unpleasant, or accompanied by other symptoms, it might be time to check in with your healthcare provider. Here are common causes of unusual vaginal odor:
1. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
The most common vaginal infection in women of reproductive age, BV happens when there’s an overgrowth of “bad” bacteria.
Signs of BV:
Strong, fishy odor — especially after sex
Thin, grayish-white discharge
Mild itching or irritation
BV is not an STI, but it’s more common in people who are sexually active. It’s treated with antibiotics.
2. Trichomoniasis
This sexually transmitted infection (STI) is caused by a parasite and can lead to a noticeable odor.
Symptoms may include:
- Yellow-green, frothy discharge
- Strong, unpleasant smell
- Itching, burning, or irritation
This condition requires treatment with prescription medication.
3. Poor Hygiene or Overcleaning
Not washing the vulva (external genital area) regularly can cause buildup, but over-washing or using harsh soaps and douches can also disrupt your vaginal microbiome — making things worse.
Stick to gentle cleansing of the vulva with warm water and avoid inserting anything into the vagina.
4. Forgotten Tampon
It happens — and it can cause a very strong, foul odor. If you ever think you may have forgotten to remove a tampon, see a healthcare provider as soon as possible.
5. Vaginal pH Imbalance
Changes in pH can occur due to sex, antibiotics, hormones, or certain products. This can make you more prone to odor or infections.
How to Maintain a Healthy, Fresh Vaginal Environment
Good vaginal care is mostly about not overdoing it. Here are a few tips:
- Wash your vulva daily with warm water (no harsh soaps or douches)
- Wear breathable, cotton underwear and avoid tight synthetic clothing
- Change out of sweaty clothes soon after workouts
- Use protection during sex to avoid pH disruptions
- Avoid scented pads, tampons, or sprays
- Stay hydrated and eat a balanced diet
If you’re prone to BV or other infections, your provider may also recommend probiotics or testing your vaginal microbiome.
When to See a Doctor
You should check in with a healthcare provider if you notice:
- A strong or fishy smell that doesn’t go away
- Itching, burning, or irritation
- Changes in discharge (color, amount, or texture)
- A recurring odor, even after treatment
It’s nothing to be embarrassed about — your provider is there to help you feel comfortable and confident in your body.
Final Thoughts
Vaginal odor is normal — but knowing what’s typical for you helps you notice when something feels off. If an odor is persistent, strong, or paired with other symptoms, it could be a sign of an infection or imbalance that’s easily treatable.
Trust your instincts, take care of your vaginal health gently, and don’t hesitate to ask for help when you need it.
